History and generation of computer

      History and generation of computer

               Computer was developed as a counting machine at very fast . At initial stage it is used for                     accounting and data manipulation .

               The earliest computing device was developed 450 BC , it called Abacus .

              The first desktop calculating machine was developed as early as 1642 .

       It can perform  arithmetic operations . This machine could perform only 2 basic operations                  additions and subtractions .

              

       Next a German mathematician developed pascal ‘ calculator for performing plus , minus ,                    into , divide

            Charles Babbage designed the modern computer in the year 1822 . He is called father of computer .

             The first electronic computer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was                 designed in 1946 . It can perform 5000 calculations per second .

             

      After ENIAC an electronic computer was developed in 1949 . It is called EDVAC (Electronic             Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)   

         

6th generation

Generation

  The developments of computers has followed different technology , and these stage of technical         differences called generations .

1st generation (1945-1960)

1^st generation of computer was vacuum tubes. In this computer 18000 vacuum tubes & 60000 switches are used . It is very large in size and required large space. It has small memory and no secondary storage.

2^nd generation (1960-1965)

In this generation transistors are used in place of vacuum tubes . Magnetic core is used for memory storage . The size of transistor is much smaller than vacuum tubes and very faster and reliable . The major advantages of transistor was small size and less power consumption . The cost of transistor is very less than vacuum tubes .

3^rd generation (1965-1975)

In this generation silicon chips are used . These computer used Integrated Circuit (IC) of silicon chips in place of transistors . By using IC the size of computers , cost , heat generation and power consumption decrease to a great extent .These machine used IC ‘s with LSI (Large Scale Integration)

4^th generation (1975)

These computers used IC’s with VLSI  (Very Large Scale Integration) . These computers have high processing speed , very low maintenance and power consumption .

5^th generation

These computers use optical fibers technology to handle artificial intelligence (AI) , Expert system , Robotics . These computers have very high processing speed and more reliable .

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